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The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution
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Review
Never is a speculation presented without masses of material to back it up. It is a substantial book."Holocaust and Genocide Studies""If one has time to read only one book among the recent works on Nazi euthanasia, this is it. Christopher R. Browning, "Times Literary Supplement""Friedlander has written an excellent piece of historical research which establishes the similarities of the fates of three victim groups."Jewish History""Well researched, remarkably balanced in its judgments, and full of fresh insights. It deserves the widest possible readership."Journal of Modern History"""One of the distinguishing features of this study is the meticulous description of the administration of the euthanasia program.Gordon A. Craig, "New York Review of Books""If one has time to read only one book among the recent works on Nazi euthanasia, this is it. Christopher R. Browning, "Times Literary Supplement"Well researched, remarkably balanced in its judgments, and full of fresh insights. It deserves the widest possible readership."Journal of Modern History"One of the distinguishing features of this study is the meticulous description of the administration of the euthanasia program.Gordon A. Craig, "New York Review of Books"
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[This book] fills a very important gap and should go far to adjust our perspective on the Nazi genocide. . . . Will be much discussed and used by those who want a total picture of Nazi exclusion and extermination policies.--George L. Mosse, University of WisconsinFriedlander has written an excellent piece of historical research.--Jewish HistoryFriedlander has written an excellent piece of historical research which establishes the similarities of the fates of three victim groups.--Jewish HistoryFriedlander has written a book of great importance for understanding the Final Solution. . . . [He] breaks new ground in his examination of how the machinery of the euthanasia program was duplicated in death camps such as Auschwitz and Treblinka.--ChoiceIndispensable for undergraduate and graduate students of the Holocaust and Nazi Germany.--History: Reviews of New BooksA book that is so fundamentally important that it forces us to reconsider our understanding of the origins of the Final Solution.--Congress MonthlyThis book should encourage a general rethinking of the issues involved and force a broadening of perspectives. On the basis of extraordinarily wide and successful digging in a vast array of archives . . . Friedlander has built both a case and an account which will be of enormous significance for decades to come. . . . This book will remain essential for an understanding of the internal structure and functioning of National Socialist Germany.--Gerhard L. Weinberg, German Studies ReviewImportant and valuable. . . . [Friedlander] conveys both new information and stimulating insights based on years of intensive research and deep reflection. He makes an eloquent argument for understanding both Nazi 'euthanasia' and the Final Solution within the wider context of a clearly defined notion of 'Nazi genocide'. . . . A work of major importance. If one has time to read only one book among the recent works on Nazi euthanasia, this is it.--Christopher R. Browning, Times Literary SupplementHenry Friedlander's brilliant study of the origins of the Final Solution in the policy of Nazi euthanasia is the most detailed and most intelligent study of its kind to appear in the past decade. Documented with great care, it shows the path of the euthanasia policies of the Third Reich, which included among their victims those Jews in asylums and hospitals. No study of the reach and magnitude of this work has yet appeared that as intelligently understands the complexity of the German murder of those labeled as different.--Sander L. Gilman, University of ChicagoA masterful work by a superb scholar.--TikkunWell-researched and wide-ranging. . . . The most detailed scholarly inquiry into the management and mechanics of the euthanasia operation yet published. Ten or fifteen years ago, it was rare to see a historian drawing links between the Final Solution and the murder of Germany's handicapped. . . . Friedlander's elucidation of the important continuities of technique and personnel gives us valuable new insights into the inner workings of Nazi genocide.--Robert N. Proctor, American Historical ReviewFriedlander's book is soberly written. But it is meticulous in its documentation. Never is a speculation presented without masses of material to back it up. It is a substantial book, in keeping with the importance of the topic and the material amassed here for the first time.--Holocaust and Genocide StudiesWell researched, remarkably balanced in its judgments, and full of fresh insights. It deserves the widest possible readership.--Journal of Modern HistoryA major and significant work.--DimensionsIs it possible to present novel views and materials on the origins of the German mass murder of the Jews? Henry Friedlander, a historian . . . and a survivor of Auschwitz . . . succeeds in doing so. . . . The book should be read by . . . medical students and doctors. It is a must for psychiatrists.--Benno MAller-Hill, Journal of the American Medical AssociationAdmirably researched. . . . One of the distinguishing features of this study is the meticulous description of the administration of the euthanasia program.--Gordon A. Craig, New York Review of BooksA most valuable contribution to the history of Nazism and of the Holocaust.--Kirkus Reviews
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Product details
Series: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution
Paperback: 448 pages
Publisher: The University of North Carolina Press; 3rd edition (September 22, 1997)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780807846759
ISBN-13: 978-0807846759
ASIN: 0807846759
Product Dimensions:
6.1 x 1.1 x 9.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.1 out of 5 stars
12 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#971,083 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Probably the most in depth book on this often overlooked part of the Holocaust.The fact is the euthanasia T4 programme that existed in Germany before WW2 paved the way for the mass exterminations in Poland. Many of the personnel and equipment used in the T4 programme was and were moved from Germany and installed in the murder centres in Poland. Through tweaking this insidious system the Holocaust became the highly industrialized murder machine it eventually did. The writing is precise and backed up by numerous references.The whole ghastly system slowly becomes clear as you read through the book. A very unsettling read that questions human nature and how far people will descend. You still are left with the question" How could anyone be involved in something so utterly monstrous?"
The t 4 program was very informational but it played down the murder of the mentally ill. Possibly the author does not believe mental illness is a handicap. Very good sources and explores how death/genocide of all handicap and eugenics was accepted by the highest care takers of the vulnerable. But humans have jumped from the time of killing an injured kin to now just killing whoever is not worthy of life. The paper clip project tells the USA taking scientist world war 11 from Germany to USA. Some were criminals from the war.
From Euthanasia to Genocide is a very very small step. This book is the best and wisest on the subject. It illustrates exactly how easy it was for Nazis to use the American psuedo-science of "eugenics" to aclimate Germany to "life unworthy of life." How simple to use the idea of "mercy death" to rid society of "useless eaters." The members of T4 were ruthless in their quest to define and rid Nazi Germany of deformed infants, the mentally ill, the deaf, the old, the young, the indigent, the DIFFERENT. No marginalised group was safe.Of the killing centers, Hadamar is the best known -- a hub, so to speak. Nobody really knows how many people were gassed there. The buses arrived like clockwork, on schedule... Day in; day out.Significantly, there was little civilian protest until T4 moved on to private Christian instutions. The "euthenasia" program was halted "officially" after several churches protested the gassings of institutionalised patients. (Unofffically, the program went on until AFTER the end of the war!) The members of T4 were absorbed into the killing machine known as the Final Solution. Which, of course, was the goal all along....I reread The Origins of Nazi Genocide periodically just to remind myself that ANYONE can be marginalised -- including me and thee.
As a Deaf person and an activist for the rights of the disabled in education and medical care, I was appalled to find out that the disabled were singled out for sterilization and euthanasia long before the Jews had been. I was even more upset that prior to medical school, I had never even heard of the willing collaboration of doctors and scientists in Germany with the Nazi political machine to rid their race of defective people (it didn't seem to matter when impairment began or how, or these people were educable and able to work). Not to ever dismiss the horror of the Jewish Holocaust and the amount of lives taken, but it is imperative that we remember and we teach that the slope leading to extermination of races began with the ideas of Social Darwinism, natural selection, and survival of the fittest, which were the scientific theories/beliefs used to justify the removal of anyone with a difference. This belief system still pervades society today, when someone like Kervorkian (who only worked with dead bodies) could take it upon himself to decide whether someone's life was of any worth, on the basis of 'normalcy'.Henry Friedlander does an excellent job of writing and researching into the lives and minds of the doctors and administrators who ran the secret programs that killed first, German children who were born with disabilities, then led to the removal from schools and homes of older children with disabilities to meet their deaths through starvation and drugs, and finally to include adults with disabilities in mass murders. It was on these people that the Nazis perfected their instruments of genocide, and yet, even at Nurenburg their suffering was dismissed as "lives unworthy of life" just because of their disabilities.This can happen again, especially with the completion of the human genome. NO laws have been suggested to curtail the use of information gleaned from the genome to prevent discrimination of any kind against the disabled. It is of great concern that the disabled community watch opponents of the Americans with Disabilities Act try to get this civil rights act revoked as being expensive, especially since it serves those who many (including Clint Eastwood apparently) feel are not productive members of society. The slippery slope begins at this point, and with these mindsets.It is imperative that students of medicine and students of science be made to read this book. It is only through education and remembering the children and families whose lives were destroyed that we can avoid allowing this Medical Holocaust from ever happening again. Karen Sadler, Science Education, University of Pittsburgh
goood
Many are unaware that the mass murder of Jews in World World Two was preceeded by killing of the disabled and handicaped, considered useless mouths by the nazis. Many of the techniques perfected later originated here. Gassing, for instance, was first used on the disabled. The last victim was actually killed three weeks after Germany surrendered.Friedlander dismisses the popular notion that public protest ended this program, pointing out that the killing continued even after the initial cancellation in 1941. Officials simply changed the manner of death (lethal injection) and moved killing centers for reasons of secrecy. The church did not succeed in saving anyone.He also emphasizes the importance of connections in saving lives. Family members could save relations by removing them from state or private institutions. Those with no one to care for them perished. Everyone has a handicap of some kind, sadly a relative few were forced to pay the ultimate price.
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